Steroids to Treat Arthritis

What Are the Possible Side Effects of Oral Steroids?

The occurrence of side effects depends on the dose, type of steroid and length of treatment. Side effects are much more common with oral medications. Some side effects are more serious than others. Common side effects of steroids include:

• Acne
• Blurred vision
• Cataracts or glaucoma
• Easy bruising
• Difficulty sleeping
• High blood pressure
• Increased appetite, weight gain
• Increased growth of body hair
• Insomnia
• Lower resistance to infection
• Muscle weakness
• Nervousness, restlessness
• Osteoporosis
• Stomach irritation
• Sudden mood swings
• Swollen, puffy face
• Water retention, swelling
• Worsening of diabetes

Please note: The side effects listed are the most common side effects. All possible side effects are not included. Always contact your doctor if you have questions about your personal situation.

Does Everyone Develop Side Effects?

No. How often any side effect occurs varies from person to person. If steroid use is brief (from a few days to a few weeks), it is possible that none of the listed side effects will occur. The side effects listed generally do not occur when occasional steroid injections are given for arthritis, tendonitis or bursitis.

However, if steroid use involves high doses and is prolonged (for a few months to several years), an increase in the number of side effects may occur.

How Can the Side Effects Be Minimized?

To minimize the side effects of steroids, doctors follow these guidelines:

• Use steroids only when necessary.
• Monitor closely to detect the development of serious side effects.
• If possible, use steroid injections for problems in a specific area.
• Use the minimal dose required to gain control of the disease.
• Reduce the dose gradually as long as the disease remains under control.
• Monitor blood pressure often and treat if necessary.
• Prescribe calcium supplements and bisphosphonates such as Actonel or Fosamax to help maintain bone density.

Who Should Not Take Steroids?

Steroids, as with other medications, are not recommended for everyone. In general, people with the following conditions should not take steroids:

• Infection
• Uncontrolled diabetes
• Uncontrolled hypertension (high blood pressure) or congestive heart failure
• Peptic ulcer
• Osteoporosis (bone thinning)
• Glaucoma

How Do I Know If Steroid Treatment Is Right For Me?

The decision to prescribe steroids is always made on an individual basis. Your doctor will consider your age, your overall health and other medications you are taking. Your doctor also will make sure you understand the potential benefits and risks of steroids before you start taking them.

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